# python Django 网页开发 **Repository Path**: kiram/dejango ## Basic Information - **Project Name**: python Django 网页开发 - **Description**: Python Django网页开发教程 - **Primary Language**: Python - **License**: Not specified - **Default Branch**: master - **Homepage**: None - **GVP Project**: No ## Statistics - **Stars**: 2 - **Forks**: 0 - **Created**: 2022-10-22 - **Last Updated**: 2023-04-04 ## Categories & Tags **Categories**: Uncategorized **Tags**: None ## README # Django开发 主题：员工管理系统 ## 1.新建项目 ![image-20211125083543235](demo/assets/image-20211125083543235.png) ![image-20211125083701911](demo/assets/image-20211125083701911.png) ## 2.创建app ``` python manage.py startapp app01 ``` ![image-20211125084115717](demo/assets/image-20211125084115717.png) 注册app： ![image-20211125084246174](demo/assets/image-20211125084246174.png) ## 3.设计表结构（django） ![image-20211125092320247](demo/assets/image-20211125092320247.png) ![image-20211125092904544](demo/assets/image-20211125092904544.png) ```python from django.db import models class Department(models.Model): """ 部门表 """ title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32) class UserInfo(models.Model): """ 员工表 """ name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16) password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64) age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄") account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0) create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间") # 无约束 # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID") # 1.有约束 # - to，与那张表关联 # - to_field，表中的那一列关联 # 2.django自动 # - 写的depart # - 生成数据列 depart_id # 3.部门表被删除 # ### 3.1 级联删除 depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE) # ### 3.2 置空 # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL) # 在django中做的约束 gender_choices = ( (1, "男"), (2, "女"), ) gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices) ``` ## 4.在MySQL中生成表 - 工具连接MySQL生成数据库。 ``` create database gx_day16 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; ``` - 修改配置文件，连接MySQL ``` DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': 'root123', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL 'PORT': 3306, } } ``` ![image-20211125093556582](demo/assets/image-20211125093556582.png) - django命令生成数据库表 ``` python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate ``` ![image-20211125093805549](demo/assets/image-20211125093805549.png) 表结构创建成功： ![image-20211125093859327](demo/assets/image-20211125093859327.png) ## 5.静态文件管理 static目录 ![image-20211125095750076](demo/assets/image-20211125095750076.png) ## 6.部门管理 > 体验，最原始方法来做。 > > Django中提供Form和ModelForm组件（方便） ![image-20211125100519237](demo/assets/image-20211125100519237.png) ## 7.模板的继承 - 部门列表 - 添加部门 - 编辑部门 定义目版：`layout.html` ```html Title {% block css %}{% endblock %}

标题

{% block content %}{% endblock %}

底部

{% block js %}{% endblock %} ``` 继承母版： ```html {% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block css %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}

首页

{% endblock %} {% block js %} {% endblock %} ``` ## 8.用户管理 ```sql insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("韩超","666",23,100.68,"2020-01-11",2,1); insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("刘东","123",23,100.68,"2010-11-11",1,4); insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("朱虎飞","999",33,9900.68,"2021-05-11",1,1); ``` ``` +-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | | | password | varchar(64) | NO | | NULL | | | age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | account | decimal(10,2) | NO | | NULL | | | create_time | datetime(6) | NO | | NULL | | | gender | smallint(6) | NO | | NULL | | | depart_id | bigint(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | | +-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ ``` ![image-20211125144436879](demo/assets/image-20211125144436879.png) 新建用户： - 原始方式理思路：不会采用（本质）【麻烦】 ``` - 用户提交数据没有校验。 - 错误，页面上应该有错误提示。 - 页面上，没一个字段都需要我们重新写一遍。 [OK] - 关联的数据，手动去获取并展示循环展示在页面。 [OK] ``` - Django组件 - Form组件（小简便） - ModelForm组件（最简便） ### 8.1 初识Form #### 1. views.py ```python class MyForm(Form): user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input) pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input) email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input) account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input) create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input) depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input) gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input) def user_add(request): if request.method == "GET": form = MyForm() return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form}) ``` #### 2.user_add.html ```html
{% for field in form%} {{ field }} {% endfor %}
``` ```html
{{ form.user }} {{ form.pwd }} {{ form.email }}
``` ### 8.3 ModelForm（推荐） #### 0. models.py ```python class UserInfo(models.Model): """ 员工表 """ name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16) password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64) age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄") account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0) create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间") depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE) gender_choices = ( (1, "男"), (2, "女"), ) gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices) ``` #### 1. views.py ```python class MyForm(ModelForm): xx = form.CharField*("...") class Meta: model = UserInfo fields = ["name","password","age","xx"] def user_add(request): if request.method == "GET": form = MyForm() return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form}) ``` #### 2.user_add.html ```html
{% for field in form%} {{ field }} {% endfor %}
``` ```html
{{ form.user }} {{ form.pwd }} {{ form.email }}
``` # day17 Django开发 - 部门管理 - 用户管理 - 用户列表 - 新建用户 ``` - ModelForm，针对数据库中的某个表。 - Form。 ``` ### 8.4 编辑用户 - 点击编辑，跳转到编辑页面（将编辑行的ID携带过去）。 - 编辑页面（默认数据，根据ID获取并设置到页面中） - 提交： - 错误提示 - 数据校验 - 在数据库更新 ``` models.UserInfo.filter(id=4).update(...) ``` ### 8.5 删除 见代码。 ## 9.靓号管理 ### 9.1 表结构 ![image-20211126094318872](demo/assets/image-20211126094318872.png) 根据表结构的需求，在models.py中创建类（由类生成数据库中的表）。 ```python class PrettyNum(models.Model): """ 靓号表 """ mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11) # 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=True price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0) level_choices = ( (1, "1级"), (2, "2级"), (3, "3级"), (4, "4级"), ) level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1) status_choices = ( (1, "已占用"), (2, "未使用") ) status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2) ``` 自己在数据模拟创建一些数据： ```sql insert into app01_prettynum(mobile,price,level,status)values("111111111",19,1,1); ``` ``` mysql> select * from app01_prettynum; +----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+ | id | mobile | price | level | status | +----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+ | 1 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 | | 3 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 | | 4 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 | +----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) ``` ### 9.2 靓号列表 - URL - 函数 - 获取所有的靓号 - 结合html+render将靓号罗列出来 ``` id 号码 价格 级别（中文） 状态（中文） ``` ### 9.3 新建靓号 - 列表点击跳转：`/pretty/add/` - URL - ModelForm类 ``` from django import forms class PrettyModelForm(forms.ModelForm): ... ``` - 函数 - 实例化类的对象 - 通过render将对象传入到HTML中。 - 模板的循环展示所有的字段。 - 点击提交 - 数据校验 - 保存到数据库 - 跳转回靓号列表 ![image-20211126111252278](demo/assets/image-20211126111252278.png) ### 9.4 编辑靓号 - 列表页面：`/pretty/数字/edit/` - URL - 函数 - 根据ID获取当前编辑的对象 - ModelForm配合，默认显示数据。 - 提交修改。 ![image-20211126112848435](demo/assets/image-20211126112848435.png) 不允许手机号重复。 - 添加：【正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】 ```python # [obj,obj,obj] queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888") obj = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").first() # True/False exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exists() ``` - 编辑：【正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】 ```python 排除自己以外，其他的数据是否手机号是否重复？ # id!=2 and mobile='1888888888' models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exclude(id=2) ``` ### 9.5 搜索手机号 ```python models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="19999999991",id=12) data_dict = {"mobile":"19999999991","id":123} models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict) ``` ```python models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=12) # 等于12 models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gt=12) # 大于12 models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gte=12) # 大于等于12 models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lt=12) # 小于12 models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lte=12) # 小于等于12 data_dict = {"id__lte":12} models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict) ``` ```python models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="999") # 等于 models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__startswith="1999") # 筛选出以1999开头 models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__endswith="999") # 筛选出以999结尾 models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__contains="999") # 筛选出包含999 data_dict = {"mobile__contains":"999"} models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict) ``` ### 9.6 分页 ```python queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all() queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1)[0:10] # 第1页 queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[0:10] # 第2页 queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[10:20] # 第3页 queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[20:30] ``` ```python data = models.PrettyNum.objects.all().count() data = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1).count() ``` - 分页的逻辑和处理规则 - 封装分页类 - 从头到尾开发 - 写项目用【pagination.py】公共组件。 - 小Bug，搜索 + 分页情况下。 ``` 分页时候，保留原来的搜索条件 http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888 http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?page=1 http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888&page=23 ``` ## 10.时间插件 ``` ``` ## 11.ModelForm和BootStrap - ModelForm可以帮助我们生成HTML标签。 ```python class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password",] form = UserModelForm() ``` ```html {{form.name}} 普通的input框 {{form.password}} 普通的input框 ``` - 定义插件 ```python class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password",] widgets = { "name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), } ``` ```python class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): name = forms.CharField( min_length=3, label="用户名", widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}) ) class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age"] ``` ```html {{form.name}} BootStrap的input框 {{form.password}} BootStrap的input框 ``` - 重新定义的init方法，批量设置 ```python class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age",] def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置 for name, field in self.fields.items(): field.widget.attrs = { "class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label } ``` ```python class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age",] def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置 for name, field in self.fields.items(): # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。 if field.widget.attrs: field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control" field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label else: field.widget.attrs = { "class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label } ``` ```python class UserEditModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age",] def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置 for name, field in self.fields.items(): # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。 if field.widget.attrs: field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control" field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label else: field.widget.attrs = { "class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label } ``` - 自定义类 ```python class BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置 for name, field in self.fields.items(): # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。 if field.widget.attrs: field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control" field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label else: field.widget.attrs = { "class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label } ``` ```python class UserEditModelForm(BootStrapModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age",] ``` ### 操作 - 提取公共的类 ![image-20211126175803303](demo/assets/image-20211126175803303.png) ![image-20211126175826579](demo/assets/image-20211126175826579.png) - ModelForm拆分出来 ![image-20211126175852716](demo/assets/image-20211126175852716.png) - 视图函数的归类 ![image-20211126175927378](demo/assets/image-20211126175927378.png) ![image-20211126175946996](demo/assets/image-20211126175946996.png)