# Effective-Java-3rd-edition-Chinese-English-bilingual **Repository Path**: onyx/Effective-Java-3rd-edition-Chinese-English-bilingual ## Basic Information - **Project Name**: Effective-Java-3rd-edition-Chinese-English-bilingual - **Description**: Effective Java（第3版）各章节的中英文学习参考（进行中） - **Primary Language**: Unknown - **License**: GPL-3.0 - **Default Branch**: dev - **Homepage**: None - **GVP Project**: No ## Statistics - **Stars**: 0 - **Forks**: 0 - **Created**: 2020-08-09 - **Last Updated**: 2025-10-19 ## Categories & Tags **Categories**: Uncategorized **Tags**: None ## README # Effective-Java-3rd-edition-Chinese-English-bilingual Effective Java（第3版）各章节的中英文学习参考，希望对 Java 技术的提高有所帮助，欢迎通过 issue 或 pr 提出建议和修改意见。 ## 赞助（sponsorship） 提供小额赞助，鼓励译者。谢谢！
## 目录（Contents） - **Chapter 2. Creating and Destroying Objects（创建和销毁对象）** - [Chapter 2 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-2-Introduction.md) - [Item 1: Consider static factory methods instead of constructors（考虑静态工厂方法而不是构造函数）](Chapter-2-Item-1-Consider-static-factory-methods-instead-of-constructors.md) - [Item 2: Consider a builder when faced with many constructor parameters（在面对多个构造函数参数时，请考虑构建器）](Chapter-2-Item-2-Consider-a-builder-when-faced-with-many-constructor-parameters.md) - [Item 3: Enforce the singleton property with a private constructor or an enum type（使用私有构造函数或枚举类型执行单例属性）](Chapter-2-Item-3-Enforce-the-singleton-property-with-a-private-constructor-or-an-enum-type.md) - [Item 4: Enforce noninstantiability with a private constructor（用私有构造函数执行非实例化）](Chapter-2-Item-4-Enforce-noninstantiability-with-a-private-constructor.md) - [Item 5: Prefer dependency injection to hardwiring resources（依赖注入优于硬连接资源）](Chapter-2-Item-5-Prefer-dependency-injection-to-hardwiring-resources.md) - [Item 6: Avoid creating unnecessary objects（避免创建不必要的对象）](Chapter-2-Item-6-Avoid-creating-unnecessary-objects.md) - [Item 7: Eliminate obsolete object references（排除过时的对象引用）](Chapter-2-Item-7-Eliminate-obsolete-object-references.md) - [Item 8: Avoid finalizers and cleaners（避免使用终结器和清除器）](Chapter-2-Item-8-Avoid-finalizers-and-cleaners.md) - [Item 9: Prefer try with resources to try finally（使用try-with-resources优于try-finally）](Chapter-2-Item-9-Prefer-try-with-resources-to-try-finally.md) - **Chapter 3. Methods Common to All Objects（对象的通用方法）** - [Chapter 3 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-3-Introduction.md) - [Item 10: Obey the general contract when overriding equals（重写equals方法时应遵守的约定）](Chapter-3-Item-10-Obey-the-general-contract-when-overriding-equals.md) - [Item 11: Always override hashCode when you override equals（当重写equals时，也重写hashCode）](Chapter-3-Item-11-Always-override-hashCode-when-you-override-equals.md) - [Item 12: Always override toString（总是重写toString方法）](Chapter-3-Item-12-Always-override-toString.md) - [Item 13: Override clone judiciously（明智地重写clone方法）](Chapter-3-Item-13-Override-clone-judiciously.md) - [Item 14: Consider implementing Comparable](Chapter-3-Item-14-Consider-implementing-Comparable.md) - **Chapter 4. Classes and Interfaces（类和接口）** - [Chapter 4 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-4-Introduction.md) - [Item 15: Minimize the accessibility of classes and members（尽量减少类和成员的可访问性）](Chapter-4-Item-15-Minimize-the-accessibility-of-classes-and-members.md) - [Item 16: In public classes use accessor methods not public fields（在公共类中，使用访问器方法，而不是公共字段）](Chapter-4-Item-16-In-public-classes-use-accessor-methods-not-public-fields.md) - [Item 17: Minimize mutability（减少可变性）](Chapter-4-Item-17-Minimize-mutability.md) - [Item 18: Favor composition over inheritance（优先选择复合而不是继承）](Chapter-4-Item-18-Favor-composition-over-inheritance.md) - [Item 19: Design and document for inheritance or else prohibit it（继承要设计良好并且具有文档，否则禁止使用）](Chapter-4-Item-19-Design-and-document-for-inheritance-or-else-prohibit-it.md) - [Item 20: Prefer interfaces to abstract classes（接口优于抽象类）](Chapter-4-Item-20-Prefer-interfaces-to-abstract-classes.md) - [Item 21: Design interfaces for posterity（为后代设计接口）](Chapter-4-Item-21-Design-interfaces-for-posterity.md) - [Item 22: Use interfaces only to define types（接口只用于定义类型）](Chapter-4-Item-22-Use-interfaces-only-to-define-types.md) - [Item 23: Prefer class hierarchies to tagged classes（类层次结构优于带标签的类）](Chapter-4-Item-23-Prefer-class-hierarchies-to-tagged-classes.md) - [Item 24: Favor static member classes over nonstatic（支持使用静态成员类而不是非静态类）](Chapter-4-Item-24-Favor-static-member-classes-over-nonstatic.md) - [Item 25: Limit source files to a single top level class（源文件仅限有单个顶层类）](Chapter-4-Item-25-Limit-source-files-to-a-single-top-level-class.md) - **Chapter 5. Generics（泛型）** - [Chapter 5 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-5-Introduction.md) - [Item 26: Do not use raw types（不要使用原始类型）](Chapter-5-Item-26-Do-not-use-raw-types.md) - [Item 27: Eliminate unchecked warnings（消除unchecked警告）](Chapter-5-Item-27-Eliminate-unchecked-warnings.md) - [Item 28: Prefer lists to arrays（列表优于数组）](Chapter-5-Item-28-Prefer-lists-to-arrays.md) - [Item 29: Favor generic types（优先使用泛型）](Chapter-5-Item-29-Favor-generic-types.md) - [Item 30: Favor generic methods（优先使用泛型方法）](Chapter-5-Item-30-Favor-generic-methods.md) - [Item 31: Use bounded wildcards to increase API flexibility（使用有界通配符增加API的灵活性）](Chapter-5-Item-31-Use-bounded-wildcards-to-increase-API-flexibility.md) - [Item 32: Combine generics and varargs judiciously（明智地合用泛型和可变参数）](Chapter-5-Item-32-Combine-generics-and-varargs-judiciously.md) - [Item 33: Consider typesafe heterogeneous containers](Chapter-5-Item-33-Consider-typesafe-heterogeneous-containers.md) - **Chapter 6. Enums and Annotations（枚举和注释）** - [Chapter 6 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-6-Introduction.md) - [Item 34: Use enums instead of int constants](Chapter-6-Item-34-Use-enums-instead-of-int-constants.md) - [Item 35: Use instance fields instead of ordinals](Chapter-6-Item-35-Use-instance-fields-instead-of-ordinals.md) - [Item 36: Use EnumSet instead of bit fields](Chapter-6-Item-36-Use-EnumSet-instead-of-bit-fields.md) - [Item 37: Use EnumMap instead of ordinal indexing](Chapter-6-Item-36-Use-EnumSet-instead-of-bit-fields.md) - [Item 38: Emulate extensible enums with interfaces](Chapter-6-Item-38-Emulate-extensible-enums-with-interfaces.md) - [Item 39: Prefer annotations to naming patterns](Chapter-6-Item-39-Prefer-annotations-to-naming-patterns.md) - [Item 40: Consistently use the Override annotation](Chapter-6-Item-40-Consistently-use-the-Override-annotation.md) - [Item 41: Use marker interfaces to define types](Chapter-6-Item-41-Use-marker-interfaces-to-define-types.md) - **Chapter 7. Lambdas and Streams（λ表达式和流）** - [Chapter 7 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-7-Introduction.md) - [Item 42: Prefer lambdas to anonymous classes](Chapter-7-Item-42-Prefer-lambdas-to-anonymous-classes.md) - [Item 43: Prefer method references to lambdas](Chapter-7-Item-43-Prefer-method-references-to-lambdas.md) - [Item 44: Favor the use of standard functional interfaces](Chapter-7-Item-44-Favor-the-use-of-standard-functional-interfaces.md) - [Item 45: Use streams judiciously](Chapter-7-Item-45-Use-streams-judiciously.md) - [Item 46: Prefer side effect free functions in streams](Chapter-7-Item-46-Prefer-side-effect-free-functions-in-streams.md) - [Item 47: Prefer Collection to Stream as a return type](Chapter-7-Item-47-Prefer-Collection-to-Stream-as-a-return-type.md) - [Item 48: Use caution when making streams parallel](Chapter-7-Item-48-Use-caution-when-making-streams-parallel.md) - **Chapter 8. Methods（方法）** - [Chapter 8 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-8-Introduction.md) - [Item 49: Check parameters for validity](Chapter-8-Item-49-Check-parameters-for-validity.md) - [Item 50: Make defensive copies when needed](Chapter-8-Item-50-Make-defensive-copies-when-needed.md) - [Item 51: Design method signatures carefully](Chapter-8-Item-51-Design-method-signatures-carefully.md) - [Item 52: Use overloading judiciously](Chapter-8-Item-52-Use-overloading-judiciously.md) - [Item 53: Use varargs judiciously](Chapter-8-Item-53-Use-varargs-judiciously.md) - [Item 54: Return empty collections or arrays not nulls](Chapter-8-Item-54-Return-empty-collections-or-arrays-not-nulls.md) - [Item 55: Return optionals judiciously](Chapter-8-Item-55-Return-optionals-judiciously.md) - [Item 56: Write doc comments for all exposed API elements](Chapter-8-Item-56-Write-doc-comments-for-all-exposed-API-elements.md) - **Chapter 9. General Programming（泛型编程）** - [Chapter 9 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-9-Introduction.md) - [Item 57: Minimize the scope of local variables](Chapter-9-Item-57-Minimize-the-scope-of-local-variables.md) - [Item 58: Prefer for each loops to traditional for loops](Chapter-9-Item-58-Prefer-for-each-loops-to-traditional-for-loops.md) - [Item 59: Know and use the libraries](Chapter-9-Item-59-Know-and-use-the-libraries.md) - [Item 60: Avoid float and double if exact answers are required](Chapter-9-Item-60-Avoid-float-and-double-if-exact-answers-are-required.md) - [Item 61: Prefer primitive types to boxed primitives](Chapter-9-Item-61-Prefer-primitive-types-to-boxed-primitives.md) - [Item 62: Avoid strings where other types are more appropriate](Chapter-9-Item-62-Avoid-strings-where-other-types-are-more-appropriate.md) - [Item 63: Beware the performance of string concatenation](Chapter-9-Item-63-Beware-the-performance-of-string-concatenation.md) - [Item 64: Refer to objects by their interfaces](Chapter-9-Item-64-Refer-to-objects-by-their-interfaces.md) - [Item 65: Prefer interfaces to reflection](Chapter-9-Item-65-Prefer-interfaces-to-reflection.md) - [Item 66: Use native methods judiciously](Chapter-9-Item-66-Use-native-methods-judiciously.md) - [Item 67: Optimize judiciously](Chapter-9-Item-67-Optimize-judiciously.md) - [Item 68: Adhere to generally accepted naming conventions](Chapter-9-Item-68-Adhere-to-generally-accepted-naming-conventions.md) - **Chapter 10. Exceptions（异常）** - [Chapter 10 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-10-Introduction.md) - [Item 69: Use exceptions only for exceptional conditions](Chapter-10-Item-69-Use-exceptions-only-for-exceptional-conditions.md) - [Item 70: Use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions and runtime exceptions for programming errors](Chapter-10-Item-70-Use-checked-exceptions-for-recoverable-conditions-and-runtime-exceptions-for-programming-errors.md) - [Item 71: Avoid unnecessary use of checked exceptions](Chapter-10-Item-71-Avoid-unnecessary-use-of-checked-exceptions.md) - [Item 72: Favor the use of standard exceptions](Chapter-10-Item-72-Favor-the-use-of-standard-exceptions.md) - [Item 73: Throw exceptions appropriate to the abstraction](Chapter-10-Item-73-Throw-exceptions-appropriate-to-the-abstraction.md) - [Item 74: Document all exceptions thrown by each method](Chapter-10-Item-74-Document-all-exceptions-thrown-by-each-method.md) - [Item 75: Include failure capture information in detail messages](Chapter-10-Item-75-Include-failure-capture-information-in-detail-messages.md) - [Item 76: Strive for failure atomicity](Chapter-10-Item-76-Strive-for-failure-atomicity.md) - [Item 77: Don’t ignore exceptions](Chapter-10-Item-77-Don’t-ignore-exceptions.md) - **Chapter 11. Concurrency（并发）** - [Chapter 11 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-11-Introduction.md) - [Item 78: Synchronize access to shared mutable data](Chapter-11-Item-78-Synchronize-access-to-shared-mutable-data.md) - [Item 79: Avoid excessive synchronization](Chapter-11-Item-79-Avoid-excessive-synchronization.md) - [Item 80: Prefer executors, tasks, and streams to threads](Chapter-11-Item-80-Prefer-executors,-tasks,-and-streams-to-threads.md) - [Item 81: Prefer concurrency utilities to wait and notify](Chapter-11-Item-81-Prefer-concurrency-utilities-to-wait-and-notify.md) - [Item 82: Document thread safety](Chapter-11-Item-82-Document-thread-safety.md) - [Item 83: Use lazy initialization judiciously](Chapter-11-Item-83-Use-lazy-initialization-judiciously.md) - [Item 84: Don’t depend on the thread scheduler](Chapter-11-Item-84-Don’t-depend-on-the-thread-scheduler.md) - **Chapter 12. Serialization（序列化）** - [Chapter 12 Introduction（章节介绍）](Chapter-12-Introduction.md) - [Item 85: Prefer alternatives to Java serialization](Chapter-12-Item-85-Prefer-alternatives-to-Java-serialization.md) - [Item 86: Implement Serializable with great caution](Chapter-12-Item-86-Implement-Serializable-with-great-caution.md) - [Item 87: Consider using a custom serialized form](Chapter-12-Item-87-Consider-using-a-custom-serialized-form.md) - [Item 88: Write readObject methods defensively](Chapter-12-Item-88-Write-readObject-methods-defensively.md) - [Item 89: For instance control prefer enum types to readResolve](Chapter-12-Item-89-For-instance-control-prefer-enum-types-to-readResolve.md) - [Item 90: Consider serialization proxies instead of serialized instances](Chapter-12-Item-90-Consider-serialization-proxies-instead-of-serialized-instances.md)